隐花植物对UV-B辐射响应和适应机制的研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

回嵘  李新荣  贾荣亮  赵昕  刘立超 《干旱区地理》2012,35(4):623-630

 隐花植物是指不产生种子的植物,是我国干旱、半干旱地区主要表面特征——生物土壤结皮的组成成分,并在其中扮演着独特而重要的生态作用。隐花植物对环境因子变化的响应和适应能力大小对整个生态系统稳定性具有重要影响。因此,有关增强UV-B辐射对隐花植物影响的研究已成为目前UV-B辐射研究领域的发展趋势和热点之一。通过系统地综述国内外有关隐花植物对UV-B辐射响应和适应机制研究方面的进展,分析了研究趋势,讨论了目前该领域研究的一些不足并对未来发展提出了展望,以期促进隐花植物的研究,加深对我国干旱、半干旱区隐花植物在应对UV-B辐射增强的响应和适应机制的认识。  相似文献   

气候变化下新疆及咸海流域河川径流演变及适应性对策分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

龙爱华  邓铭江  谢蕾  李湘权  王娇妍  苏宏超  吴素芬 《干旱区地理》2012,35(3):377-387

 中亚咸海流域地处全球气候变化的敏感中心,生态环境脆弱、水资源紧缺,过去百年来中亚咸海流域气候、人类活动、生态环境均经历了较为显著的变化,分析中亚咸海流域气候-水-生态-人类活动的关系,对自然与人文相近的新疆可持续发展具有重要的借鉴意义。以最新收集的资料为基础,对比研究近50 a来新疆及近80 a来中亚咸海流域的气温、降水和主要河流的径流变化情况,结合二者水资源开发利用的演变历程,分析气候变化与人类活动对研究区生态环境与持续发展的影响,最后借鉴中亚咸海流域气候变化、人类活动、生态环境的综合关系,讨论气候变化下新疆水资源开发利用的适应性对策。结果表明：近80 a来,新疆与中亚咸海流域气候呈现较为一致的变暖趋势,尤其是20世纪80年代以来,二者绝大部分地区气候呈现“暖干”向“暖湿”转型迹象,河川径流也有不同程度的增加,但由于人类活动规模与强度的迅速、持续增强,研究区生态环境呈现尚未得到有效遏制的恶化趋势。立足于有利的气候时期,强化水资源开发利用管理,提高水资源利用效率和效益,加快关键水源工程建设,完善水资源配置网络体系的建设,是未来一段时期内应对气候变化下新疆水资源开发利用的主要适应性对策。  相似文献   

干旱程度对C₃植物红砂和C₄植物珍珠光合生理参数的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

严巧娣  苏培玺  高松 《中国沙漠》2012,32(2):364-371

 C3和C4植物混生在草地生态系统中较多,而在荒漠生态系统少见。在中国荒漠地区,C3小灌木红砂和C4半灌木珍珠在特定生境下混生在一起,以独特方式适应高温强光和干旱的极端环境。通过在不同干旱程度下测定它们生长期叶片的光合气体交换参数,探讨它们在混生条件下对极端环境的生理响应特征。结果表明,红砂的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(E)、气孔导度(Gs)均要高于珍珠;而珍珠的水分利用效率(WUE)则要高于红砂。这表明珍珠和红砂在水分匮乏的荒漠生境下采取了不同的生存策略。红砂通过维持较高净光合速率和较高蒸腾速率来生存;而珍珠则通过高水分利用效率生存。  相似文献   

MODIS遥感监测滇池蓝藻水华分布   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

鲁韦坤  谢国清  余凌翔  杨树平 《气象科技》2009,37(5):618-620

以中分辨率的MODIS数据作为遥感影像源,运用蓝藻水华在蓝波段、红波段和近红外波段的光谱特征,使用假彩色合成法（RGB：6-2-1）和归一化植被指数法对滇池的蓝藻水华进行遥感监测。通过星地同步试验,证明了该两种方法的正确性。其中假彩色合成法通过色彩差异表现蓝藻水华,具有视觉效果较好的优点,归一化植被指数法则以数值大小的方式区别水华浓度,该方法建立反演模型后可用于定量研究。  相似文献   

Impacts of global environmental change and aquaculture expansion on marine ecosystems     

Gorka Merino  Manuel Barange  Christian Mullon  Lynda Rodwell 《Global Environmental Change》2010,20(4):586-596

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黑河中游荒漠绿洲农业适应气候变化技术研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

赵文智  杨荣 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(3):204-209

以我国第二大内陆河流域——黑河流域的中游荒漠绿洲为例,基于长期定位试验成果,研究了绿洲农业适应气候变化的技术及其潜力。结果表明,在田间水平上,垄沟灌溉种植、主栽作物与伴生植物混播种植、优化水肥管理、建立枣粮复合系统是绿洲农业适应气候变化的有效技术;在绿洲水平上,调整农业种植结构、加大农田林网规格和减少农田林网的灌溉次数、降低防风固沙体系中高耗水树种——杨树的比例等技术是应对气候变化的重要途径。综合评价结果表明,在黑河中游绿洲,通过推广上述技术,在不降低绿洲农业产值和不影响绿洲生态系统稳定性的前提下,初步估算每年可节水2.96×108m3,抵消了气温上升大约1℃所带来的蒸散发消耗量。  相似文献   

A Comparison Study of the Contributions of Additional Observations in the Sensitive Regions Identified by CNOP and FSV to Reducing Forecast Error Variance for the Typhoon Morakot          下载免费PDF全文

QIN Xiao-Hao 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(5):258-262

The sensitive regions of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) and the first singular vector (FSV) for a northwest Pacific typhoon case are reported in this paper. A large number of probes have been designed in the above regions and the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) techniques are utilized to examine which approach can locate more appropriate regions for typhoon adaptive observations. The results show that, in general, the majority of the probes in the sensitive regions of CNOPs can reduce more forecast error variance than the probes in the sensitive regions of FSV. This implies that adaptive observations in the sensitive regions of CNOPs are more effective than in the sensitive regions of FSV. Furthermore, the reduction of the forecast error variance obtained by the best probe identified by CNOPs is twice the reduction of the forecast error variance obtained by FSV. This implies that dropping sondes, which is the best probe identified by CNOPs, can improve the forecast more than the best probe identified by FSV. These results indicate that the sensitive regions identified by CNOPs are more appropriate for adaptive observations than those identified by FSV.  相似文献   

多重网格法在MM5自适应模式中的应用     

韩雪  沈桐立  沈新勇 《南京气象学院学报》2008,31(2):242-249

将多重网格法应用于MM5中来加速自适应网格的生成,并用这种方法来模拟2002年6月17-18日发生在江南和华南的暴雨过程。试验表明：在收敛精度要求高的情况下自适应模式模拟结果的精度高于均匀网格模式,且多重网格法有助于提高运算效率。  相似文献   

The Durham/ESO SLODAR optical turbulence profiler     

R. W. Wilson  T. Butterley  M. Sarazin 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,399(4):2129-2138

An instrument for monitoring of the vertical profile of atmospheric optical turbulence strength, employing the Slope Detection and Ranging (SLODAR) double star technique applied to a small telescope, has been developed by Durham University and the European South Observatory. The system has been deployed at the Cerro Paranal observatory in Chile for statistical characterization of the site. The instrument is configured to sample the turbulence at altitudes below 1.5 km with a vertical resolution of approximately 170 m. The system also functions as a general-purpose seeing monitor, measuring the integrated optical turbulence strength for the whole atmosphere, and hence the seeing width. We give technical details of the prototype and present data to characterize its performance. Comparisons with contemporaneous measurements from a differential image motion monitor (DIMM) and a multi-aperture scintillation sensor (MASS) are discussed. Statistical results for the optical turbulence profile at the Paranal site are presented. We find that, in the median case, 49 per cent of the total optical turbulence strength is associated with the surface layer (below 100 m), 35 per cent with the 'free atmosphere' (above 1500 m) and 16 per cent with the intermediate altitudes (100–1500 m).  相似文献   

Adaptive Optics Image Restoration Based on Frame Selection and Multi-frame Blind Deconvolution     

TIAN Yu  RAO Chang-hui  WEI Kai 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2009

Restricted by the observational condition and the hardware, adaptive optics can only make a partial correction of the optical images blurred by atmospheric turbulence. A postprocessing method based on frame selection and multi-frame blind deconvolution is proposed for the restoration of high-resolution adaptive optics images. By frame selection we mean we first make a selection of the degraded (blurred) images for participation in the iterative blind deconvolution calculation, with no need of any a priori knowledge, and with only a positivity constraint. This method has been applied to the restoration of some stellar images observed by the 61-element adaptive optics system installed on the Yunnan Observatory 1.2m telescope. The experimental results indicate that this method can effectively compensate for the residual errors of the adaptive optics system on the image, and the restored image can reach the diffraction-limited quality.  相似文献